{"id":6611,"date":"2019-02-03T06:39:49","date_gmt":"2019-02-03T06:39:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/calamur.org\/gargi\/?p=6611"},"modified":"2019-04-08T05:23:56","modified_gmt":"2019-04-08T05:23:56","slug":"data-colonisation-data-monopolies-and-what-can-be-done","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/calamur.org\/gargi\/2019\/02\/03\/data-colonisation-data-monopolies-and-what-can-be-done\/","title":{"rendered":"Data Colonisation, Data Monopolies, and what can be done."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A few weeks ago,  Mukesh Ambani, the richest Indian, and the Chairman of Reliance Industries, spoke about something that has been, hitherto, the province of academics, and the left. He <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbctv18.com\/economy\/mukesh-ambani-says-data-colonisation-as-bad-as-physical-colonisation-1740621.htm\">called for an end to data colonisation<\/a><\/strong> by large foreign MNC\u2019s who collect, churn, and harvest our data, to make great profits. Like the dialog on cultural colonisation 40 years ago, this debate divides the world into the \u201csouth\u2019 that provides the data, and the \u201cnorth\u2019 that exploits the data and makes humongous profits. What activists talk about is the fact that the new form of capitalism that pervades the world, and that involves the appropriation of personal data by the large corporations. Just as the East India Company \u2013 and other such corporations \u2013 appropriated natural wealth and the fruits of labour, to earn huge profits, modern day digital corporations are appropriating our data and our participation to do the same. The question is what can be done about it <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the core of the issues, is the\ninfrastructure of connectivity that is put up by large digital corporations\nsuch as Google, Facebook, Amazon, Uber. And it is this infrastructure that allows\ncorporations to have an almost monopolistic control over lives. Facebook, for\nexample, has more members than any nation has citizens. Add Instagram, WhatsApp\nand Facebook messenger to the mix -and you have one giant corporation exerting\na tremendous influence on people\u2019s lives. The same is the case with the rest.\nMatthew Hindman, in his book \u201c<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/2S1cD0F\">The Internet Trap: How the Digital\nEconomy builds Monopolies and undermines Democracy<\/a><\/strong>\u201d makes a\ncompelling argument on how the power of this infrastructure, in effect, acts as\na barrier to entry, allows for predatory practises, and has the overall impact\nof reducing choice, and impacting our societies. According to Hindman, the four\nlargest sites \u2013 Google, Facebook, Microsoft, and Yahoo \u2013 account for over 33%\nof all web visits. Furthermore, according to Hindman, as of 2016, Google and\nFacebook accounted for 73% of all advertising on digital platforms \u2013 a duopoly\nthat is built on the back of our data. In giving their platform services away\nfree, the corporations have ensured that we become the product that they\npackage and sell. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With the Supreme Court of India\ndeclaring \u201cThe right to privacy is protected as an intrinsic part of the right\nto life and personal liberty under Article 21 and as a part of the freedoms\nguaranteed by Part III of the Constitution\u201d there are going to be major\nchallenges to the digital corporation. At one end there is the Draft Data\nProtection Bill submitted by the Justice Srikrishna Committee to the Ministry\nof Electronics and Information Technology (MEITY) that looks at our data being\nstored outside India. At the other is companies like Facebook wanting <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/parmyolson\/2018\/09\/27\/facebook-is-committed-to-whatsapp-encryption-but-could-bypass-it-too\/#6e7bb8a13efe\">to\nbypass end-to-end encryption<\/a><\/strong> on Whatsapp primarily to harvest\ndata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So, while at one level the question\nis where the data is to be held and by whom, the second equally valid question\nis who benefits from all this data. Right now the answer to the second question\nis the corporations. However, if you look at these platforms, they have been built\nby the power of the network. A network of discrete individuals who populate\nthese platforms, and use their labour to create, curate, and share \u2013 that\nenables the corporations to take advantage of the network effect and grow. SO\nthe question is simple, do we get paid for our labour? One of the reasons why\nGoogle and Facebook are able to make so much in profits, and why they are a\nduopoly, is because a large part of the labour that goes into making their\nnetworks better, safer, and more compelling, is not paid for. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Moving data stores to India may\nallow the Indian government and the Indian citizen to have more control on the\ndata, but that does not solve the problem of free labour, and how it\ncontributes to inflated profits, and extraordinary influence in the spheres of\nGovernment, business, and society. The way to redress that is to look at paying\neach member of the digital networks a fee for using the data that is used. It\nis this act of the corporation paying for the data that is exploited that will\nmove the current system away from data colonisation to data egalitarianism. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A few weeks ago, Mukesh Ambani, the richest Indian, and the Chairman of Reliance Industries, spoke about something that has been, hitherto, the province of academics, and the left. He called for an end to data colonisation by large foreign MNC\u2019s who&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6612,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[54,27,36,41],"tags":[136,1730,1732,1731,556],"class_list":["post-6611","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-digital-media","category-media","category-propaganda","category-social-media","tag-amazon","tag-data-colonisation","tag-data-monopolies","tag-data-slavery","tag-facebook"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Data Colonisation, Data Monopolies, and what can be done. - A PoV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/calamur.org\/gargi\/2019\/02\/03\/data-colonisation-data-monopolies-and-what-can-be-done\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Data Colonisation, Data Monopolies, and what can be done. - A PoV\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A few weeks ago, Mukesh Ambani, the richest Indian, and the Chairman of Reliance Industries, spoke about something that has been, hitherto, the province of academics, and the left. 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