This appeared in FPJ on the 17th of May
How many Indians have died due to this wave of COVID? The answer is no one knows. Government data does not reconcile with what we know when we look around us; there is the relentless coverage from Indian language newspapers, and independent journalists who are tracking the number of cremations and burials. Over and above that there are reports of bodies floating down the Ganga, and others buried on its banks. We know there are more deaths than declared. We do not know how many more – but we know that those who died, mostly died because they did not get to adequate medical care on time.
There have been deaths due to the lack of beds. Due to the lack of oxygen. Due to the lack of doctors and health care workers. Due to a lack of functioning ventilators, and lifesaving medicines. Due to the lack of a basic district wide, or state-wide mechanism that allows the most critical patients to avail the facilities needed to save lives. Despite the almost 3-week turmoil of the residents of Delhi for basic health care – there still is no war room in place that co-ordinates all hospital in the National Capital Region. There seems to be neither the political will, nor the administrative will to get things going – to prepare for the third wave.
When you look at disasters – there are three parts to it. One is the event itself, and the other is the policy and implementation plan to mitigate the impact of the event; and the third is the rehabilitation and rebuilding part. Let us take a simple event like the failure of rains, that lead to a drought. In the pre-independence era, the drought caused by the failure of rain would be followed by a famine, the failure of governance to plan for mitigating the drought. A drought was nature’s curse, a famine was the curse of ineptitude or intent. In 1943, rains failed in Bengal, and the British Prime Minister at that time, Winston Churchill chose to deprive Bengal of grains, and shipped food to the allied soldiers. It is estimated 2-3 million people died (if not more). That was the last major famine that India had. Independent India faced many droughts – failure of rain – but the large-scale deaths wrought by incorrect policy making, leading to a famine, were scarce. The PDS is India’s frontline defence against deaths due to drought – the mitigation strategy. And direct cash transfers, livelihood schemes, policies like MGNREGA are the way to build back better.
COVID is a disaster for every country it has visited. Most of the world is still reeling under the impact of COVID. It is not just a health impact, but an economic one too. The lockdowns to save lives has impacted livelihoods. It is estimated that in the USA, the cost of the lock down is upwards of $16 trillion. It is estimated that the economic cost of COVID is Rs. 15 lakh crores, and this figure does not include the economic losses brought about by the 2nd wave.
From all available evidence, the COVID nightmare is not over yet. No one knows how long this will last, how many variants it will produce, and what the impact of that will be. And, therefore, the question is how will you get geared to face not just the third wave, but the waves beyond. And the starting point is setting up a comprehensive publicly funded public healthcare system.
It is not that India does not have publicly funded hospitals. But for the best part of the post liberalisation era, they have been starved of funds; while central, state, and local governments have allowed the mushrooming of nursing homes, and small hospitals run by their personal networks. Today, we are facing the brunt of these policies of cronyism. Our primary, secondary, and tertiary health centres are woefully understaffed and under supplied for the needs of 1.4 billion people.
As Great Britain came out of the post second world war economic valley on the back of public works, including a robust National Health System, India too needs to look at a robust system that ensures that Indians do not die for the lack of basic healthcare. And this needs to be seen as good economics. You cannot build a strong India on the back of a nation that impoverishes itself trying to pay medical bills.
If healthy India is the goal, then plan needs to be holistic to ensure that the economic benefits accruing from this do not just go to the big crony capitalists but is distributed down the pyramid. This will include many plans that work together to deliver the desired outcome. The first is a plan for building hospitals; then there needs to be a plan for staffing these hospitals; this in turn means you will need a plan for setting up institutes that train more doctors, nurses, and health care professionals. Then there needs to be a local business plan – how do you get them to build all this to ensure that it happens under local government oversight, and the gaze of local citizens; and allow them to generate wealth and employment in the local area? There is a start-up plan that looks at medical diagnostics, and how can they be used for prevention and cure. Then there is a plan to look at how do you fund this? And so on and so forth. Policy is multi-layered as is implementation. For both to be successful they have to go beyond slogans and social media trends.
What we have today is pronouncements in the place of policy; and intentions in the place of implementation – and to get out of this mess, that needs to change.